Linux Master: ディスクバックアップとリストア
dump(8) を使った増分バックアップと、restore(8) による回復。
0.前提となる環境
# df
Filesystem 1K-ブロック 使用 使用可 使用% マウント位置
/dev/sda6 988088 422232 514852 46% /
/dev/sda8 497829 58598 413529 13% /home
/dev/sda7 497829 10549 461578 3% /tmp
/dev/sda3 1984044 200852 1680780 11% /var
/dev/sda2 4956316 3056948 1643536 66% /usr
/dev/sda1 124427 22604 95399 20% /boot
tmpfs 1552608 0 1552608 0% /dev/shm
1. dump によるフルバックアップ
# dump -0uf /home/tmp0.bkup /dev/sda7
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Nov 21 18:25:00 2014
DUMP: Dumping /dev/sda7 (/tmp) to /home/tmp0.bkup
DUMP: Label: /tmp
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 106 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Nov 21 18:25:01 2014
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing /home/tmp0.bkup
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Nov 21 18:25:01 2014
DUMP: Volume 1 120 blocks (0.12MB)
DUMP: 120 blocks (0.12MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in less than a second
DUMP: Date of this level 0 dump: Fri Nov 21 18:25:00 2014
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Nov 21 18:25:01 2014
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 0 kB/s
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
2. ファイルを追加し、増分バックアップ
# cp /etc/hosts /tmp/
# dump -1uf /home/tmp1.bkup /dev/sda7
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Nov 21 18:25:24 2014
DUMP: Date of last level 0 dump: Fri Nov 21 18:25:00 2014
DUMP: Dumping /dev/sda7 (/tmp) to /home/tmp1.bkup
DUMP: Label: /tmp
DUMP: Writing 10 Kilobyte records
DUMP: mapping (Pass I) [regular files]
DUMP: mapping (Pass II) [directories]
DUMP: estimated 48 blocks.
DUMP: Volume 1 started with block 1 at: Fri Nov 21 18:25:25 2014
DUMP: dumping (Pass III) [directories]
DUMP: dumping (Pass IV) [regular files]
DUMP: Closing /home/tmp1.bkup
DUMP: Volume 1 completed at: Fri Nov 21 18:25:25 2014
DUMP: Volume 1 50 blocks (0.05MB)
DUMP: 50 blocks (0.05MB) on 1 volume(s)
DUMP: finished in less than a second
DUMP: Date of this level 1 dump: Fri Nov 21 18:25:24 2014
DUMP: Date this dump completed: Fri Nov 21 18:25:25 2014
DUMP: Average transfer rate: 0 kB/s
DUMP: DUMP IS DONE
3. バックアップ履歴確認
# dump -W
Last dump(s) done (Dump > file systems):
/dev/sda6 ( /) Last dump: Level 0, Date Sun Nov 9 12:20:10 2014
> /dev/sda8 ( /home) Last dump: never
/dev/sda7 ( /tmp) Last dump: Level 1, Date Fri Nov 21 18:25:24 2014
> /dev/sda3 ( /var) Last dump: never
> /dev/sda2 ( /usr) Last dump: never
> /dev/sda1 ( /boot) Last dump: never
4. restoreによる回復
# cd /home
# mkdir bkup.test
# cd bkup.test
# restore -rf /home/tmp1.bkup
You have not read any volumes yet.
Unless you know which volume your file(s) are on you should start
with the last volume and work towards the first.
Specify next volume # (none if no more volumes): 1
(バックアップファイルの個数を解答)
set owner/mode for '.'? [yn] y
(カレントディレクトリのパーミッション回復可否)
# ls -l
合計 1
-rw-r--r-- 1 root root 244 11月 21 18:25 hosts
# ls -ld .
drwxrwxrwt 2 root root 1024 11月 21 18:25 /home/bkup.test
4. 対話型回復
# restore -if /home/tmp0.bkup
restore > ls
.:
.ICE-unix/
.X0-lock
.X11-unix/
:
restore > add .X0-lock
(回復するファイルを指定)
restore > ext
(回復実行)
You have not read any volumes yet.
Unless you know which volume your file(s) are on you should start
with the last volume and work towards the first.
Specify next volume # (none if no more volumes): 1
set owner/mode for '.'? [yn] y
restore > quit