LPIC Level 1 対策: 第2章 - 基本的なコマンド操作

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tail(1)

古い tail(1) では、指定行から最後まで表示する際に +行数 を用いていたが、
最新のものでは、-n を用いる。若しくは _POSIX2_VERSION=199209 で後方互換を指示。 

	$ cat -n /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | tail -2
	  1017	#    CustomLog logs/dummy-host.example.com-access_log common
	  1018	#
	$ cat -n /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | tail +1000
	tail: `+1000' を 読み込み用でオープンできません: そのようなファイルや
	ディレクト リはありません

	$ cat -n /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | tail -n +1000
	  1000	#
	  1001	# NOTE: NameVirtualHost cannot be used without a port specifier
			:
	  1018	#

	$ export _POSIX2_VERSION=199209
	$ cat -n /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | tail +1000
	  1000	#
	  1001	# NOTE: NameVirtualHost cannot be used without a port specifier
			:
	  1018	#

nl(1) - 空行を飛ばして行番号を付与する

$ head nl.txt |cat -n
     1	NL(1)				 User Commands
     2
     3
     4
     5	NAME
     6	       nl - number lines of files
     7
     8	SYNOPSIS
     9	       nl [OPTION]... [FILE]...
    10

$ head nl.txt |nl
     1	NL(1)				 User Commands



     2	NAME
     3	       nl - number lines of files

     4	SYNOPSIS
     5	       nl [OPTION]... [FILE]...

sort(1) - passwd(5) の特定の列を並びかえ、数値順と辞書順の違い

sort(1) も tail(1) 同様に、検索位置は -k オプションを伴う。
-k +開始位置 [,-終了位置]。若しくは _POSIX2_VERSION=199209 で後方互換を指示。 

$ sort -t: -k 3 -r /etc/passwd | head
news:x:9:13:news:/etc/news:
nobody:x:99:99:Nobody:/:/sbin/nologin
dovecot:x:97:97:dovecot:/usr/libexec/dovecot:/sbin/nologin
distcache:x:94:94:Distcache:/:/sbin/nologin
mail:x:8:12:mail:/var/spool/mail:/sbin/nologin
postfix:x:89:89::/var/spool/postfix:/sbin/nologin
dbus:x:81:81:System message bus:/:/sbin/nologin
halt:x:7:0:halt:/sbin:/sbin/halt
pcap:x:77:77::/var/arpwatch:/sbin/nologin
sshd:x:74:74:Privilege-separated SSH:/var/empty/sshd:/sbin/nologin

$ sort -t: -k 3 -rn /etc/passwd | head
nfsnobody:x:65534:65534:Anonymous NFS User:/var/lib/nfs:/sbin/nologin
student01:x:505:505::/home/student01:/bin/bash
samboa:x:504:504::/home/samboa:/bin/bash
n-shintani:x:503:503::/home/n-shintani:/bin/bash
ycos:x:502:502::/home/ycos:/bin/bash
student:x:501:501::/home/student:/bin/bash
user:x:500:500:SAMBOA USER:/home/user:/bin/bash
clam:x:104:106:Clam Anti Virus Checker:/var/lib/clamav:/sbin/nologin
amavis:x:103:105:Amavis email scan user:/var/amavis:/bin/sh
clamav:x:102:104:Clam Anti Virus Checker:/var/clamav:/sbin/nologin

uniq(1) - 重複削除、度数数える

$ sort simple.txt
aaaaa
aaaaa
aaaaa
aaaaa
bbbbb
bbbbb
ccccc
ccccc

$ sort simple.txt  | uniq
aaaaa
bbbbb
ccccc

$ sort simple.txt  | uniq -c
      4 aaaaa
      2 bbbbb
      2 ccccc

cut(1) - passwd(5) 特定項目抽出

$ cut -d: -f1,6,3 /etc/passwd | head
root:0:/root
bin:1:/bin
daemon:2:/sbin
adm:3:/var/adm
lp:4:/var/spool/lpd
sync:5:/sbin
shutdown:6:/sbin
halt:7:/sbin
mail:8:/var/spool/mail
news:9:/etc/news

paste(1) / join(1) 動作の違いを比較

$ paste a.txt b.txt




1 aaaaa
 2 bbbbb
 3 ccccc
 4 ddddd


1 AAAAA
 3 CCCCC
 5 DDDDD
 



$ join a.txt b.txt



1 
3		
 aaaaa
 ccccc		
 AAAAA
 CCCCC

pr(1) - ヘッダ例

$ pr /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | head


2014-02-08 12:26	    /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf		  Page 1


#
# This is the main Apache server configuration file.  It contains the
# configuration directives that give the server its instructions.
# See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/> for detailed information.
# In particular, see

fmt(1) - 詰め込み例

$ fmt /etc/httpd/conf/httpd.conf | head
# # This is the main Apache server configuration file.
It contains the # configuration directives that give the server
its instructions.  # See <URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/>
for detailed information.  # In particular, see #
<URL:http://httpd.apache.org/docs/2.2/mod/directives.html> # for
a discussion of each configuration directive.  # # # Do NOT simply

vi(1) - option と .vimrc

:set で主なオプション設定情報の表示、:set all で全オプション表示。 
:set all
--- オプション ---
  aleph=224	      foldclose=	  mousetime=500       switchbuf=
noarabic	      foldcolumn=0	nonumber	      synmaxcol=3000
  arabicshape	      foldenable	  numberwidth=4       syntax=
noallowrevins	      foldexpr=0	  omnifunc=	      tabline=
noaltkeymap	      foldignore=#	  operatorfunc=       tabpagemax=10
  ambiwidth=single    foldlevel=0	nopaste 	      tabstop=8
noautochdir	      foldlevelstart=-1   pastetoggle=	      tagbsearch
noautoindent	      foldmethod=manual   patchexpr=	      taglength=0
noautoread	      foldminlines=1	  patchmode=	      tagrelative
noautowrite	      foldnestmax=20	nopreserveindent      tagstack
noautowriteall	      formatexpr=	  previewheight=12    term=teraterm
  background=light    formatoptions=tcq nopreviewwindow     notermbidi
nobackup	      formatprg=	  printdevice=	      termencoding=
  backupcopy=auto     fsync		  printencoding=    noterse
  backupext=~	    nogdefault		  printfont=courier   textauto
  backupskip=/tmp/*   helpheight=20	  printmbcharset=   notextmode
nobinary	      helplang=ja	  printmbfont=	      textwidth=0
nobomb		    nohidden		  printoptions=       thesaurus=
  bufhidden=	      history=50	  prompt	    notildeop
  buflisted	    nohkmap		  pumheight=0	      timeout
  buftype=	    nohkmapp		  quoteescape=\       timeoutlen=1000
-- 継続 --
~/.vimrc の例

" VIM 用オプション設定例
set nu ts=4 sw=4 ic

☞vim オプション詳細